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          《劝学篇》读书笔记
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        <h1 id="《劝学篇》读书笔记"><a href="#《劝学篇》读书笔记" class="headerlink" title="《劝学篇》读书笔记"></a>《劝学篇》读书笔记</h1><h1 id="前言："><a href="#前言：" class="headerlink" title="前言："></a>前言：</h1><p>​    只能说不愧是日本“一万元”头像上的人物，在日本确实称得上伟人了。很难想象作为一个明治时期刚刚启蒙的日本会有如此超前的思想。这本书写了很多当时超前的内容，指出来很多的毛病到现在依然可以看到很多现实缩影。部分内容和观点甚至是永远受用…..</p>
<a id="more"></a>

<h1 id="资源地址"><a href="#资源地址" class="headerlink" title="资源地址"></a>资源地址</h1><p>​    偏门书，还好被我翻到了。这本书个人购买了实体书来进行阅读。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>链接：<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9wYW4uYmFpZHUuY29tL3MvMXhWNHZNVGhneVhGSFY5WWFzSWlDcHc=" title="https://pan.baidu.com/s/1xV4vMThgyXFHV9YasIiCpw">https://pan.baidu.com/s/1xV4vMThgyXFHV9YasIiCpw<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span><br>提取码：3i8d<br>复制这段内容后打开百度网盘手机App，操作更方便哦–来自百度网盘超级会员V6的分享</p>
</blockquote>
<h1 id="推荐指数"><a href="#推荐指数" class="headerlink" title="推荐指数"></a>推荐指数</h1><p>​    <strong>4.5星，满分5星。</strong>少0.5星是因为内容开头有一段非常鄙视当时的中国人。认为当时的中国人没有教养。（心理总归有些膈应）这本书不管带不带民族偏见，里面的大部分内容还是十分受用的。</p>
<h2 id="推荐语"><a href="#推荐语" class="headerlink" title="推荐语"></a>推荐语</h2><p>​    不要看到这本书的名字劝学就劝退了，一个明治时期的人用接近近代人的思想来教授你各种学问。三观非常正的一本书，看完正能量爆棚。非常有收获的一本书。干下这碗毒鸡汤吧。</p>
<h1 id="好句摘录"><a href="#好句摘录" class="headerlink" title="好句摘录"></a>好句摘录</h1><ul>
<li><strong>天不生人上之人，也不生人下之人</strong></li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>人生来无贵无贱，只是贫富贵贱造就人上之人，但是贵能求学，穷也能求学。</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>倘若没有欲求，就不可能有劳动，没有劳动，就不可能享有快乐的幸福</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>人的价值来自于劳动（不是洗脑）</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><strong>学问的要诀，在于活用，不能活用的学问，便等于无学。</strong></li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。</p>
<p>有道无术，术可求也，有术无道，止于术。</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>“我的学问放在东京了”</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>笔记要用手也要用心</p>
</blockquote>
<h1 id="内容摘要"><a href="#内容摘要" class="headerlink" title="内容摘要"></a>内容摘要</h1><h2 id="政府与人民的关系"><a href="#政府与人民的关系" class="headerlink" title="政府与人民的关系"></a>政府与人民的关系</h2><p>​    这一部分的内容在当时也受不少的争议。大致内容讲述了福泽谕吉认为政府为人民谋福利，建设平等社会，管理人民，人民也应该给予社会反馈，信任政府，全心全意为政府服务。</p>
<p>​    但是在政府出现腐败的时候，人民又应该怎么样看待政府呢？</p>
<ul>
<li><p>反抗政府，实施暴力。作者认为这是一种不负责任并且没有任何益处的事情。实施暴力不仅不能从根本上解决问题，更是容易造成社会动乱。</p>
</li>
<li><p>屈从社会，接受社会的教化。作者则认为这样的人没有独立精神，只是逃避自己的责任，历史上无数次的压迫也是人民爆发的根本。</p>
</li>
<li><p>坚持真理，保持独立精神。这是面对政府无脑和统治腐败的最好应对方式。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>​    真正良好的社会秩序是人具备独立精神，具备独立精神的人为政府培育优秀的人才，而优秀的人才又反过来促进社会的秩序和繁荣，这才是造就和谐社会，繁荣社会的根本路径。</p>
<h2 id="何为学问"><a href="#何为学问" class="headerlink" title="何为学问"></a>何为学问</h2><p>​    学问是一个非常宽泛的概念，在书中也没用具体的描述到底什么是学问，而是阐述了万物皆学问这一个观点，并且鼓励每一位国民全心全意的求学。</p>
<p>​    学问分为学和问，“学”是积累的过程，就好比文字是必须学习的东西，但是文字只是学问的工具，而“问”则是对于知识的自我理解和思考，只有学问结合，内化成自己的东西，才是真正的学有所用。</p>
<p>​    作者讽刺了当时的日本空有文明的外壳，却没有文明的实质。学士“学富五车”却不吸收消化和思考，甚至有的人的认为把学问抄写下来便是自己的学问。然而抄写的东西又有多少是自己可以内化的呢，作者讽刺说有的学者甚至出现“我的学问丢在东京”了这种非常奇葩但是真实的社会现象。</p>
<p>​    上面一段话放到现在貌似也没有什么错，泛滥的教育机构，大量“免费”的资料充斥互联网，<strong>我们一心求学，最终变成了一心求学习资料</strong>。我们将过多的时间去关注令我们眼花缭乱的东西。</p>
<h2 id="行与思的统一"><a href="#行与思的统一" class="headerlink" title="行与思的统一"></a>行与思的统一</h2><p>​    用白话来讲就是讽刺很多人<strong>说一套做的又是另一套</strong>。满嘴空话却不付诸于实际行动。在书本当中指的是当时的一些迂腐的守旧学士和学识浅薄自示狂妄之人。</p>
<p>​    为什么我们的行与思不统一呢？一方面是一种非常健忘的生物，同时自控力与专注力因人而异，当人的思考不马上付诸行动，那么人基本上是永远不会做这一件事情的。另一方面是人的<strong>72小时法则</strong>。这是来自于《小狗钱钱》的一个观点，如果一个决定或者一个事情不在72小时之内获得阶段性结果，那么90以上概率人基本不会再想这件事情。这也是为我们我们时常下定了决心改变之后，却又在短短几天的时间忘记自己的决定。</p>
<p>​    关于行与思的统一，我认为最基本的锻炼方法是：</p>
<ul>
<li>提高<strong>时间观念</strong>，正确把握时间，做好时间管理。</li>
<li>今日事，今日毕，做不到的事情绝对不逼自己完成</li>
<li>养成说到做到的习惯。</li>
<li><strong>劳逸结合。</strong></li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>这里特别提一下为什么劳逸结合对于行与思的统一重要性。人的注意力是随着时间推移而减弱的，虽然不少人晚上的学习效率会高于白天的效率。但是从科学的角度来看，每一天时间越早人的注意力是越高的。特别是早上大脑放空的状态下人的学习效率出奇的高（当然有一个好的作息规律）</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="怀疑的取舍"><a href="#怀疑的取舍" class="headerlink" title="怀疑的取舍"></a>怀疑的取舍</h2><p>​    关于怀疑的取舍这一段，作者认为学者应该保持怀疑的精神，对于任何事情最好的状态是保持换位思考，当然对于一些经过了长时间考验的真理我们可以保持无条件的相信。</p>
<p>​    真理应该怀疑还是认可是是一个非常个人并且主观的问题，但是从一些小的论点来看，比如<strong>尽信书不如无书</strong>这些经过了时间考验的话是完全值得相信的真理。</p>
<h2 id="怨犹之害"><a href="#怨犹之害" class="headerlink" title="怨犹之害"></a>怨犹之害</h2><p>​    作者评判了一个重要的观点：<strong>冤冤相报何时了</strong>，强调人与人之间应该保持独立精神并且和谐相处，<strong>常常抱怨的人往往是没有学问的人</strong>，越是对自己的认知不够，越会把事情的过错推给外因，比如没有时间，时机不对，运气不好等等因素，等到机会真正来临的时候又抱怨没有抓住机会。</p>
<p>​    所以怨犹是自内而外的一种负面能量，我们需要摈弃之。为无意义或者没有到来的事情烦恼，是单纯的浪费时间和生命。</p>
<h2 id="民族资本主义"><a href="#民族资本主义" class="headerlink" title="民族资本主义"></a>民族资本主义</h2><p>​    作者鼓励人民创业和实业，并且赞扬为实业谋生而为国家繁荣富强，而又受到政府剥削的民族资本主义的坚持是值得鼓励的。在当时的背景下，这种观点是十分正确的，作者受到西方学术的先进思想的熏陶。能将眼光放得更高和更远，而民族资本主义是先进思想的发扬者和传播者。</p>
<h2 id="作者的不足之处"><a href="#作者的不足之处" class="headerlink" title="作者的不足之处"></a>作者的不足之处</h2><p>​    全书看完可以明显看出作者福泽谕吉是偏向政府这边，更多的是劝诫人民踏实做事情，而不是同政府作对，这种十分激进的压迫方式是不值得借鉴的。纵观大部分的国家历史，更多是推翻旧的政府和统治阶层而获得新生，虽然革命并不一定能带来光明的未来。但是从历史的进程来看，革命更多是推进历史的脚本。而作者的偏激思想在这时看来十分具有局限性。</p>
<h1 id="我所知的劝学"><a href="#我所知的劝学" class="headerlink" title="我所知的劝学"></a>我所知的劝学</h1><p>​    不知道有多少人看到这一部分，希望下面这段话能给读者一些感触。当然看不到这一部分也说明我对于写作的功底还不够深厚，还需要加以磨练。</p>
<p>​    单独拿一个大节再来深入谈谈关于这本书本身劝学这两个字。其实真心想要学习的人，根本不需要去劝。人会不喜欢学习，本质是因为 <strong>找不到目标</strong>。工作之后的我也逐渐讨厌学习，百分之百是因为缺少目标，因为大学的我目标是能进入IT这个行业。但其实不管进入的是任何行业，终身学习都是必须的，我们可以没有目标，但是我们不可以放弃对于知识的追求和探索。正所谓废掉一个人就是让他闲着。</p>
<p>​    非常感谢过去的我有一个好的读书习惯，这个社会需要的是自燃的人。所以为自己充电是十分重要的事情。经历过那么多读书笔记的编写和“熏陶”之后。明显感觉自己理解能力有了不小的提升。</p>
<p>​    </p>
<h1 id="个人感想"><a href="#个人感想" class="headerlink" title="个人感想"></a>个人感想</h1><p>​    从作者的角度出发，虽然作者是明治时期的人，并且是一个外国人，但是里面很多东西放到现在还受用，很难想象在当时比中国还要闭锁的日本能有如此超前的思想启蒙家。同时作者是一个三观极正的人，三观正到很难辩驳，能从事物的两面看待并且中立的评判一件事情。这在当时的封建思想是很难得的存在，在现在也是十分的少见。最后作者给出的许多比喻十分好理解并且恰到好处，能把十分难懂的理论用简单的比喻形象的概括，这是需要十分深厚的积累才能办得到的。</p>
<p>​    从内容出发，整本书让我印象最深的是作者赠与友人的一部序，讨论了当时日本学士的浮夸之风，会学习却不思考，并且急于求成就早早下判断，缺乏钻研和自己的理解，甚至要把学问带在身上。作者用各种比喻来形容。书本中的内容非常有意思。</p>
<p>​    现代社会越来越浮躁，在一个内卷化的时代，我们每一个人都在焦虑，却很少付出行动对抗焦虑和付诸行动。想要努力却又没有方向。我个人的选择是用读书来扩展自己的眼界，同时提高自己的表述能力，语言组织和沟通能力，在不断的读书和笔记摘录中，我对于书籍作者想要表达的思想可以越来越快的领悟。这也促使我可以看更多的书，如此形成一个良性循环。</p>
<h1 id="结语"><a href="#结语" class="headerlink" title="结语"></a>结语</h1><p>​    <strong>我始终认为，一个经受不住学问考验，不能积跬步的人，是无法去寻找自己真正想要的生活的。</strong>如果学习不能带给你名誉，金钱，荣誉等等，你还会继续学习么，答案是你肯定还会学习，因为这件事情我们做了10多年直至成年。我想作者想要并不是真正想要劝谁学习，作者想要看到的是一个拥有良好求学之风气的社会罢辽。</p>
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